Sources

The recommendations in the test chooser and on the method pages were checked against these texts. They are cited here, not reproduced.

Some recommendations were extended with guidance from the Wikistatistiek of Amsterdam UMC (location AMC), page KEUZE TOETS, licensed under CC BY 3.0. The statements here are our own summaries, and changes were made.

• MSaaG

  Petrie A, Sabin C. Medical Statistics at a Glance, 2nd ed. Blackwell, 2005. Front-cover flow charts and chapters 19–44.

  Cited by 29 results in the test chooser.

• ARM

  Armitage P, Berry G, Matthews JNS. Statistical Methods in Medical Research, 4th ed. Blackwell, 2002.

  Cited by 28 results in the test chooser.

• JID

  Kim N, Fischer AH, Dyring-Andersen B, Rosner B, Okoye GA. Research Techniques Made Simple: Choosing Appropriate Statistical Methods for Clinical Research. J Invest Dermatol 2017;137:e173–e178. Tables 2–3.

  Cited by 23 results in the test chooser.

• KMJ

  Yang HJ, Lee HS. Common statistical methods used in medical research. Kosin Med J 2025;40(1):21–30. Tables 1–2.

  Cited by 13 results in the test chooser.

• MDA

  Milton DR. Statistical Concepts in Clinical Research. MD Anderson Clinical Research Workshop reference guide.

  Cited by 14 results in the test chooser.

• AMC

  Wikistatistiek, Amsterdam UMC (location AMC). KEUZE TOETS. https://wikistatistiek.amc.nl/KEUZE_TOETS (CC BY 3.0).

  Cited by 7 results in the test chooser.

• LECESSIE

  le Cessie S, Goeman JJ, Dekkers OM. Who is afraid of non-normal data? Choosing between parametric and non-parametric tests. Eur J Endocrinol 2020;182:E1–E3.

• BA1996

  Bland JM, Altman DG. Statistics Notes: The use of transformation when comparing two means. BMJ 1996;312:1153.

  Cited by 2 results in the test chooser.

• THOMSON

  Thomson PC. A hybrid paired and unpaired analysis for the comparison of proportions. Stat Med 1995;14(13):1463–70.

• DELACRE2017

  Delacre M, Lakens D, Leys C. Why psychologists should by default use Welch's t-test instead of Student's t-test. International Review of Social Psychology 2017;30(1):92–101.

  Cited by 1 result in the test chooser.

• FAGERLAND2012

  Fagerland MW. t-tests, non-parametric tests, and large studies: a paradox of statistical practice? BMC Med Res Methodol 2012;12:78.

  Cited by 1 result in the test chooser.

• DIVINE2018

  Divine GW, Norton HJ, Barón AE, Juarez-Colunga E. The Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney procedure fails as a test of medians. The American Statistician 2018;72(3):278–286.

  Cited by 1 result in the test chooser.

• BROOKES2004

  Brookes ST, Whitely E, Egger M, Smith GD, Mulheran PA, Peters TJ. Subgroup analyses in randomized trials: risks of subgroup-specific analyses; power and sample size for the interaction test. J Clin Epidemiol 2004;57:229–236.

  Cited by 1 result in the test chooser.

• EMMEANS

  Lenth RV. emmeans: Estimated Marginal Means, aka Least-Squares Means. R package. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=emmeans

  Cited by 1 result in the test chooser.